Various Type of Mass Communication Model | Solocom

This post we will talking about Model in Mass Communication.
Models in a communication can be considered as a depiction of a reality that is made as simple as possible. By studying a model of communication, according to DeVito there are several advantages that can be obtained, namely:
1. Models have organized the function, meaning that the model can sort and menghhubungkan one system with lainnyaserta system can provide a comprehensive picture
2. Models can help explain something to present information in a simple, that is to say without the model, such information can be very complicated.
3. With the possible models of the expected outcome or course of an event.

The model can be used as a statement dasare for the various alternatives and help create a research hypothesis. Below is a communication model that appeared in the decade beginning around 1940 and 1950.
A. Phase One Communications Model (one-step flow of comm.)

Mass Media Communicant

B. Two-Stage Model of Communication (two-step flow of communication)

Source of Communication Messages MedMas Opinion Leader KomKan

weaknesses:
- Individuals who are active in seeking information only opinion leaders
- Limiting the analysis process, since the process occurs in two stages komunikais or more
- The opinion leaders depend on the mass media
- Ignoring audience behavior, based on timing of the introduction of new ideh
- A variety of communication channels play a role in the acceptance phase of innovation and decision-making
- There is a separation between the public community opinion leaders with followers.

C. Many Communication Model Phase (Multi Step Flow of Comm)

Sources communicant communicant communicant MedMass

D. SR Model

Stimulus Response Message

E. Uses and Gratification Model
Basic assumptions:
- Audience is considered active
- Initiative and the selection of media on audiences
- The mass media compete with other sources
- Focusing on the use of media content

Various social factors Harapan2 Needs Gratification Needs
Psychological The Media Against Hope
Consequences of Mass Media Childbirth raises another

Read More

14 Effective Way Of Communication

These are the 14 effective way of communication. Listen to it and maybe it will help your life. :)


1. Give the impression that you are keen to talk to them - Give them the impression that you would rather talk to them than anyone else on this earth. When you give them the impression that you are excited to talk with them and that you care about them, you make them feel more positive and confident. They will be open to you and are very likely to have a deep conversation with you.

2. Ask questions about their interests - Ask open questions that will make them talk about their lives and interests. Dig as much detail as possible so that it will help them gain new perspectives about themselves and their life goals.

3. Adapt to their body language and feelings - Feel how they are feeling at the moment by observing body language and tone of voice. From this vantage point, you can customize the words, body language, and tone of your voice so that they will respond positively.

4. Show a sense of approval: Tell them what you admire about them and why - One of the best ways to quickly connect with people is to be honest and tell them why you like or admire them. If the states are directly felt quite right, try the indirect statement. Both approaches can be equally effective.

5. Listen attentively to everything they say - Do not get too focused on what you will say next while they talk. Instead, listen to every word they say and responlah relevant as possible. This shows that you are actually listening to what they say and you are fully engaged in the atmosphere along with them. Also be sure to ask every time there is something that does not understand the things they say. You certainly want to avoid all the irregularities that may occur in communication if you want to develop a relationship with that person entirely.

6. Give them eye contact long - strong eye contact communicates to others that you are not only captivated by them and what they say but also shows that you can be trusted. When done in moderation, they are also going to assume you believe in yourself because of your willingness to meet them in person. As a result, people will naturally pay more attention to you and what you say.

7. Reveal yourself as much as possible - One of the best ways to gain trust someone is to reveal themselves openly as possible. Tells of the exciting events of your life or simply describe a funny example of normal daily life. When you tell about yourself, be sure not to mention things that deviate too far from their interests or even redundant. You can let them know more about you as time goes by.

8. Give the impression that you are both on the same team - Use words like "we, us" to immediately build a bond. When you use those words, you make it seem like you and they are on the same team, while others are in different teams.

9. Give them your best smile - When you smile at people, you convey the message that you like them and their presence brings you happiness. Smile at them will cause them to consciously want to smile back at you directly would build a relationship between you both.

10. Offers helpful suggestions - Recommend a place to eat that once you visit, you can watch movies, good people who they want to meet, books you read, career opportunities or anything else you can think of. Explain what is interesting from the people, places or things mentioned. If you give the idea enough to attract their attention, they will look for you when they need someone to help make decisions about what to do next.

11. Give them motivation - If the person you are dealing with younger or in a more difficult position than you, they might want to hear some words of motivation from you because you are more experienced or you seem to live a good life. If you want to have a healthy relationship with that person, you certainly do not want to look like you have it all while they are not. Reassure them that they can go beyond their problems and limitations, so they will expect you to make a delicious friend to talk to.

12. Shown with an energy level that is slightly higher than others - Generally, people want to be around people who will lift them up, instead of bringing them down. If you consistently have lower energy levels than others, they will naturally move away from you toward someone who is more energetic. To prevent this from happening, consistently show with voice and your body language that you have the energy level a little higher so that they will feel more energized and positive to be around you. But you also should not be too much, causing energetic people seem like helpless. Appropriate energy and passion to build their enthusiasm.

13. Mention their name in a way that is pleasing to the ear they are - a person's name is one word that has a very strong emotional for them. But it's not necessarily how often you say the name of a person, but rather how you say it. This can be helped by the way you practice saying the name of a person for one or two minutes until you feel a strong emotional. When you mention their name more touches than anyone else they know, they will find that you are the one that is most memorable.

14. Offer to undergo the relationship a step further - There are several things you can do to improve your friendship with someone: an offer to eat with them, talk over a cup of coffee, look at sporting events, etc.. Even if the person does not accept your offer, they will still be flattered that you want them to live the friendship to a deeper level. On the one hand, they will look at you because you have the courage to build friendships not expect instant friendship.

Read More

Interactional Model

This model think that human is an active person. Symbolic quality is contained in interactional word, so this model is clearly different with an ordinary interaction which signed by stimulus - response trade. This model is developed by George Herbert Mead who have a student named Herbert Blumer. Symbolic interaction perspective is known more in sociology, although is still have some influences in other discipline.

This model think that people as a communicator is active, reflective, and creative , interpret, shows complicated act and hard to be predicted. In this context, Blumer show 3 premise which become the basic of this model. Firstly, Human act based on the meaning that individual give to their environment. Second, that meaning has direct relation with social interaction which individual do to their social environment. And the last but not least, the meaning is created, resisted, and changed by interpret process which individual done in order to keep in touch with their social environment.

Source : Deddy Mulyana, 2000

Read More

Gudykunst and Kim's Model

This model actually is an intercultural communication model. This model basely is suitable for face to face communication, especially for 2 people. Because there is no 2 person which have culture, social culture, and psycho culture precisely similar.

This model assume 2 persons which equal in communication, each of them as a sender and also a receiver, or both of of them encoding and decoding. Because of that, we can see that messages from someone is a feedback from the other one. Messages / feed back between them is represented by a line from someone's encoding to another decoding. The two lines shows that every one of us go and won't do anything until we get the feedback.

The aspect that completing this model environment. Environment persuade us in encoding and decoding a messages.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Tubbs Model

It's all about 2 person communication. This model is suitable with concept of communication as a transaction, which assume that 2 communicator as a sender and also receiver a message. When we talk (send a message) actually we also observe our partner's behavior and we reacts with that. The process is a reciprocal and also spontaneous and simultaneously. The messages in this model could be verbal and non verbal. Could be intention and incidental. The Channel is a sensory. There is two type of noise in this mode : technical and semantic. Technical noise is a factor which make receiver feel a change in information. Semantic noise is a giving different meanings about the representation which sent by source.

In short ways, although in that model communicator 1 and 2 gain same aspect : input, filter, messages, channel, and noise. That aspect still different in contents.


Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Defleur's Model

It's a mass communication model. By inserting mass medium device and feedback device. It draw a source, transmitter, receiver, and destination as a departed phase in mass communication process.

The function of receiver in Defleur's model is to receive information and encode it.

According to Defleur, communication isn't meaning transfer. Communication happen by a set of component operation in some theoretical system, which the consequence is isomorphism between intern response to a set of symbol to source and receiver.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Berlo's Model

Also known as SMCR model. Source, message, channel, and receiver. Source is the creator of the messages. Message is a translation of idea to a symbolic code. Channel is a medium that bring the message. And the receiver is the target of communication.

According to this model, source and receiver is influenced by those factors : skill of communication, attitude, knowledge, social system and culture. Message is expanded based on element, structure, content, treatment, and code. The channel is about sensory.

The positive thing about this model is, this model could reach treatment mass communication, public, interpersonal, and written communication. This model is also heuristic. But, this model is also have weakness. This model think that communication is a static phenomenon. There is no feedback. And nonverbal communication is considered as unimportant thing.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Gerbner's Model

This model is a lasswell's model expantion. It consist from verbal model and diagramatic model.

Verbal Model : someone perceives an event and reacts in a situation through some means to make available material in some form and contects conveying content of some consequence.

Diagramatic Model : Someone perceives an event and send some messages to transmitter which will send a signal to receiver. In that transmission, the signal facing noise and become SSSE to destination.


Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Westley and Maclean's Model

This model say about 2 context, interpersonal and mass communication. And the point of difference between interpersonal and mass communication is the feedback. In interpersonal, the feedback is direct and fast. In the mass, the feedback is indirect and slow.

There is 5 parts in this model on interpersonal communication : object orientation, messages, source, receiver, and feedback. Source (A) see object or some activities in their environment (X) and create a message about that think (X')which sent to receiver (B). In that turn, the receiver will send a feedback about message to the source.

In mass communication this model have another parts, it's called gate keeper (C) or opinion leader which receive the message (X') from source of mass media (A) or by seeing object orientation (X1, X2) in his environment. And then, the gate keeper is creating their own messages (X")which sent to a receiver (B). So, the filter process is formed.

There is some important concept from this model : feed back, the differences and similarity between interpersonal and mass communication, and opinion leader which become an important thing in mass communication. This model is also separated purposive and non purposive messages.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Newcomb's Model

Theodore Newcomb (1953) see communication from the social psychology view. This model also known as ABX model. This model draw that someone (A) sending information to the other one (B) about something (X). That model assume that A's orientation to B and to X is depend to each other. And three of them is a system which content four orientation.

1. A to X orientation
2. A to B orientation
3. B to X orientation
4. B to A orientation

In this model, communication is a normal and effective way which make people can orient their self to their environment. It's a intentional communication act model of 2 people.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Schramm's model

Communication is considered as an interaction, with both sides who encode - interpret - interpret back - transmit - and receive the signal. Schramm think that communication always needs 3 element : source, message, and destination. Source can encode and destination can decode message, based on their own experience. If both of circle have an an equal territory, so communication is an easy thing to do. Greater territory will affect on field of experience which belong to both sides. According to schramm, every one in communication's process is clearly become both encoder and decoder. We constantly encode back signs from our environment, interpret that signs and decode something as a results. Backward process in the model is called feed back, which playing an important rule in communication. Because it let us know how do our message being interpreted.


Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Shannon and Weaver's Model

This model is talking about the problem to send a message based on their accuracy level. This model presupposes an information source who create a message and send it by some channel to a receiver who recreate that message. In other words, this model assumsion that information source create some message to be communicated from available set of messages. Transmitter changes messages to signal which suitable with the used channel. Channel is a medium which sending a sign from transmitter to receiver. In conversation, information source is a brain, the transmitter is voice which create a signs that transmitted by air. The receiver is a hearing mechanism and reconstruction a message from a signs. The destination is a receiver's brain. And the important concept from this model is a noise.

This model think that communication is a static phenomenon and one way. And, this modelis too much complicated.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Lasswell's Model

Lasswell's model is a verbal saying, which say about who says what in which channel, to whom with what effect?

This model say about communication process and it's function to society. Lasswell said 3 function of communication. The first one is a environmental monitoring. Then a relation from every departed society which give a response to environment. And the last one is a social transmission from one generation to the other.

This model is often used in mass communication. Who to gate keeper, says what is a source to analyze about the message. In which channel to media. to whom to audience. And with what effect is about the effect which is made by a message of mass communication to reader, listener, etc.

This model is also given a critic, because this model seems think that communicator and the message is always on purpose. This model is also though that is too much simple. But, just like the other good model, this model focus on important aspect in communication.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Aristoteles Model

This is the most classical model in communication. And also is called as a rhetorical model. This model make a formula about first verbal communication model. Communication happen when a speaker speak their messages to listener in order to change their behavior. This model have 3 basic part of communication. Speaker, message, and listener.
This model is about speech. Especially speech to persuade people. According to Aristoteles, the persuade can be reached by the one person that people believe. The argument, and by playing listeners emotion.
But, this model have many weakness. The first one is communication is considered as a static phenomenon. And the other weakness from this model is, this model doesn't mention nonverbal aspects in order to persuade.
But, although this model have many weakness, but this model in the future will inspire a lot of communication scientist to find another models in communication.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Stimulus - Response Model

This model is the most basic model in communication. This is show communication as an action - reaction process. This model think that verbal words, inverbal signs, pictures, and actions will stimulate other people to give the response in some ways. You can also say that this process is a moving information or ideas. This process could be interactive and have a lot of effect. Every single effect could change another act of communication in the next level.
This model ignore that communication is a process. In other words, communication is considered as a static thing.

Source : Deddy Mulyana : 2000

Read More

Model Of Communication

S-R Model
Aristoteles Model
Lasswell Model
Shannon and Weaver Model
Schramm Model
Newcomb Model
Westley and Maclean Model
Gerbner Model
Berlo Model
De Fleur Model
Tubbs Model
Gudykinst and Kim Model
Interactional Model

source : Mulyana Deddy, Ilmu Komunikasi Suatu Pengantar : 2000

Read More