June 28, 2013

The Concept of Framing Analysis

The concept of framing or frame itself is not a pure concept of science communication, but borrowed from cognitive science (psychological). In practice, framing analysis also opens up opportunities for the implementation of the concepts of sociological, political, and cultural to analyze the phenomenon of communication, so that a phenomenon can be appreciated and analyzed based on the context of sociological, political, or cultural surrounding.



 Gamson and Modigliani

Frame is a way of telling stories or cluster of ideas that are organized in such a way to bring meaning construction and events related to the object of a discourse.

Based on the concept, Gamson defines framing the two approaches, namely,

     1. Cultural approach in the cultural level, the first frame can be interpreted as the limits of discourse as well as constitutive elements scattered in the construction of discourse.
     2. Psychological approach to the individual level, people always act or make decisions consciously, rationally, and intentional. Individuals always include life experiences, social insight, and psychological tendencies in interpreting the message he received.


Gitlin

Frame as selection, emphasis, and exclusion tight. He connects these concepts to the process of producing news.

Framing of the constructionist conceptions in the sociology literature reinforces assumptions about individual cognitive-structuring process of cognitive representation and control of information-processing theory in psychology.


Entman

See Framing in two major dimensions, namely the issue of selection and emphasis or protrusion of aspects of reality. Both of these factors can further refine the selection process through the news framing issues worthy of display and presses news content. The journalist perspective that will determine the facts it chooses, highlighted, and banished. Behind it all, making decisions about which side will find certainly involve values ​​and ideology of the journalists involved in the news production process. Framing has important implication for political communication. Because framing plays a major role in the push for political power, and the frame in a news text actually printed power-he reveals the identity of the actors or interests that competed to dominate the text. The concept of framing according to Entman, consistently offers a way to reveal the power of a text communication. Framing analysis can explain the right way influences the human consciousness is constrained by the transfer of information from a site, such as speech, speech / expression, news report, or novel. Framing, SCARA essential include selection and protrusion. Creating frames is selecting an understanding of some aspects of reality, and make it stand out in a text in such a way that communicated and promoted a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, fund or recommend treatment.

G.J. Aditjondro

Defines framing as a method of showing reality where truth, about an incident, not totally denied, but deflected it mildly, by giving attention to certain aspects, using terms that have certain connotations, and with the help of photographs, caricatures, and other illustration tools. The process of framing is an integral part of the editorial process that involves all workers in the print media editorship. Framing process makes the mass media as an arena in which information about a particular issue contested in a symbolic war between the various parties both wanted his views supported readers.In general, there are three common measures of mass media workers, in particular by the mass communicator, doing construction when political realities that led to the creation of meaning or image on a political force, namely:

   
1. In terms of choice of words (symbols) politics. In political communication, the communicators exchange images or meanings by symbol. They each interpret the messages (symbols) received political.
    2.
In doing framing (framing) political events. For the purposes of reporting, mass communicators often just highlight the things that are "important" (to have news value) of a political event. Coupled with a variety of interests, the construction of political reality is determined by who has the interest (to profit or benefit which party) with the news.
   
3. Providing space or time for a political event. It is only if the mass media gave place to a political event, then the event will gain the attention of the public. The greater place given the greater attention given by the audience. In this context they have the function of mass media agenda setters, known as Agenda Setting theory.
 
 

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